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Free Government Information (FGI) is a place for initiating dialogue and building consensus among the various players (libraries, government agencies, non-profit organizations, researchers, journalists, etc.) who have a stake in the preservation of and perpetual free access to government information. FGI promotes free government information through collaboration, education, advocacy and research.

Bipartisan Data-Mining Bill

Senators Feingold and Sununu have introduced a bill seeking disclosure of federal data-mining activities. The legislation:

...requires all federal agencies to report to Congress, in classified form if need be, within 180 days and every year thereafter on certain data mining programs and how these programs impact the civil liberties and privacy of Americans.
While we at FGI would prefer a public report, or at least one that included all 435 Members of Congress, this is a good start towards better oversight of the administrations many reported surveillance programs. This bill is similar to legislation that died in the last Congress, but will hopefully have a better chance with a Democratic majority in both houses. Of course if it passes, the President may well try to void the reporting requirements with a Presidential Signing Statement. If that happens, perhaps it will finally provoke judicial scrutiny of such statements. Continue reading

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Vista (Update): Powered by NSA?

As a followup to our previous story on Microsoft Vista and how it might affect government information, we at FGI are concerned to note that the National Security Agency helped Microsoft build it. No kidding. Security expert Bruce Schneier has the story on his blog, complete with a link to the Washington Post. Mr. Schneier credibly explains that NSA would find advantages in either making Vista more robust OR in making it easier to monitor computer users. We are in agreement with Mr. Schneier that given the governments track record since 9/11, it is far more likely that NSA's "help" is one more way that the government will be able to monitor the activities of users everywhere. We have no proof of this, but we won't be surprised if it is true. Continue reading

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Army History Center Author Says Domestic Spying Unproductive

Update 1/9/2007 - I uploaded a scan of pages 390-399, plus title page and table of contents for book discussed below. ------------ One of the great things about living in a country that still has a significant commitment to government openness are publications which admit past mistakes on the government. A case in point is the book The Role of Federal Military Forces in Domestic Disorders, 1945-1992 by Paul J. Scheips and published by the Army's Center of Military History's Army Historical Series. While it is mostly profiles how the Army and National guard performed well during the civil rights movement, there is a chapter dealing with political surveillance (pages 390-399). The book mentions the scale of the data collection and types of data gathered by the Army (p. 395):

The great danger of such data lay in the fact that "Army intelligence, in the name of preparedness and security, had developed a massive system for monitoring virtually all political protest in the United States." Military agents had even assembled private information about the finances, psychiatric records, and sex lives of individuals. The data collection was enormous, with "virtually every stateside unit" having its own set of files. Fourth US Army headquarters at Fort Sam Houston, Texas, for example, had the "equivalent of 100,000 file cards on "personalities of interest," and the III Corps at Fort Hood had computerized data on civilian political groups within its area. The size of the data banks demonstrated that the Army's domestic intelligence operations had been going on "in various degrees of intensity, since 1940," with roots extending back to World War I.
It also provides an evaluation of the surveillance in terms of effectiveness and it's harm to a democratic society (p.399) [Emphasis mine]:
Overall, the Army's venture into domestic surveillance generated a substantial backlash in the form of public and congressional criticism, while contributing little or nothing to the suppression of civil unrest. In some ways the Army's tendency to apply foreign intelligence-gathering methods to domestic situations reflected its earlier error of applying the standards of foreign war to the control of domestic disturbances. The basic problem was a mind-set in the intelligence community that saw conspiracy in protest and the threat of revolution in disorder. It was this way of thinking that led to an improper gathering and storage of a great quantity of information on American citizens that was seriously at odds with the tenets of a democratic society. In doing this, the Army failed to maintain a constitutional discipline over itself, and the civilian leadership was much too slow in calling it to task. It was a dark chapter in the Army's history of dealing with civil disturbances, which otherwise had been quite good during this troubled decade.
Remember, this isn't Tom Hayden or some loony lefty talking. This is the judgment of someone writing for the Army's own Center of Military History. This doesn't make it the official opinion of the Army, but they felt the book was worthwhile to publish. Ironically, the rise of networked computing allows the construction of databases far more intrusive than the ones denounced in this book. The book is also well worth reading for the constructive role that the Army played in desegregation. Overall, I think Mr. Scheips gives the Army good marks for their role in the 1960s, aside from their unlawful surveillance activities. This book is a third in series. The title, author and SuDoc information for the set are:
  1. The role of federal military forces in domestic disorders, 1789-1878 / 1988 Coakley, Robert W. D 114.19:R 64
  2. The role of federal military forces in domestic disorders, 1877-1945 1997 Laurie, Clayton D. D 114.19:R 64/2
  3. The role of federal military forces in domestic disorders, 1945-1992 / 2005 Scheips, Paul J. D 114.19:R 64/2/2005
As far as I can tell none of these books are on the Internet, but you can find them in many Federal Depository Libraries. Read them and then decide if we really want to grant the executive branch unlimited authority to watch our lives. We say no. Continue reading

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One Terabyte for $400

Whatever problems there are with creating local digital collections of government documents, affordable storage capacity WON'T be one of them. Walt Crawford reports on a one terabyte hard drive from Hitachi that will go on sale in March. The price? $400. And how much is a terabyte? At the current DVD size of 4.7GB, a terabyte hard drive could store 212 DVDs. I imagine that would easily work out to tens of thousands of average sized government documents. Combine terabyte hard drives with LOCKSS and you have a virtualy maintanance free network of geographically disbursed collections capable of holding large volumes of publications. Why not? Continue reading

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Last Time Gov’t Opened First Class Mail

Thanks to vigorous Congressional oversight in the 1970s and the distribution of reports to many outlets, including Federal Depository Libraries, we know what happened the last time the Intelligence Community opened mail without warrants (emphasis mine):

DOMESTIC CIA AND FBI MAIL OPENING PROGRAMS PART I: SUMMARY AND PRINCIPAL CONCLUSIONS Between 1940 and 1973, two agencies of the federal government -- the CIA and the FBI -- covertly and illegally opened and photographed first class letter mail within the United States. These agencies conducted a total of twelve mail opening programs for lengths of time varying from three weeks to twenty-six years. In a single program alone, more than 215,000 communications were intercepted, opened, and photographed; the photographic copies of these letters, some dated as early as 1955, were indexed, filed, and are retained even today. Information from this and other mail opening programs -- "sanitized" to disguise its true source -- was disseminated within the federal establishment to other members of the intelligence community, the Attorney General, and to the President of the United States. The stated objective of the CIA programs was the collection of foreign intelligence and counterintelligence information; that of the FBI programs was the collection of counterespionage information. In terms of their respective purposes, seven of the twelve mail opening programs were considered to have been successful by Agency and Bureau officials. One CIA project and three of the FBI programs concededly failed to obtain any significant relevant information. Another CIA operation -- clearly the most massive of all the programs in terms of numbers of letters opened -- was believed to have been of value to the Agency by some officials, but was criticized by many others as having produced only minimally useful foreign intelligence. Despite two unfavorable internal reviews, this program nonetheless continued unabated for twenty years. While all of these programs responded to the felt intelligence needs of the CIA and the FBI during the "cold war" of the 1950's and early 1960's, once in place they could be -- and sometimes were -- directed against the citizens of this country for the collection of essentially domestic intelligence. In the 1960's and early 1970's, large numbers of American dissidents, including those who challenged the condition of racial minorities and those who opposed the war in Vietnam, were specifically targeted for mail opening by both agencies. In one program, selection of mail on the basis of "personal taste" by agents untrained in foreign intelligence objectives resulted in the interception and opening of the mail of Senators, Congressmen, journalists, businessmen, and even a Presidential candidate.
For an official printed version of the report, see: Final report of the Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities, United States Senate : together with additional, supplemental, and separate views. by United States. Congress. Senate. Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities.; Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service. (1976) We don't need to see this movie again. Tell your Congressperson and the White House. Continue reading

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