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FGI public testimony before Congress advocates for GPO gift authority
Here’s something fun I did this week. For their public witness day, I submitted testimony before the House appropriations subcommittee on the legislative branch for their FY2026 budget. :slightly_smiling_face: Many thanks to Daniel Schuman of the American Governance Institute and founder and an editor of the First Branch Forecast (you’re all subscribed to FBF right?!). Daniel was so well organized, got a whole host of folks to submit testimony to the subcommittee, and helpfully walked me through the entire process! Let’s hope at least some of the recommendations make it through the appropriations process. I was a little surprised that I didn’t see any representatives from any of the major library associations there, especially given that this subcommittee deals with funding for the Government Publishing Office (GPO) and Library of Congress among other aspects of the legislative branch — though this is of course NOT a regular year (understatement of the decade!) in the normally regular appropriations process.
Testimony Before the House Appropriations Subcommittee on the Legislative Branch, FY 2026, Concerning Gift Authority for the Government Publishing Office, submitted by James R. Jacobs, US Government Information Librarian, Stanford University.
Testimony Before the House Appropriations Subcommittee on the Legislative Branch, FY 2026, Concerning Gift Authority for the Government Publishing Office, submitted by James R. Jacobs, US Government Information Librarian, Stanford University
Dear Chair Valadao, Ranking Member Espaillat, and distinguished members of the Subcommittee:
Thank you for the opportunity to address you and this committee today regarding a matter concerning the efficiency, modernization, and public service mission of the Government Publishing Office (GPO). My testimony advocates for a statutory change granting GPO the explicit authority to accept gifts, bequests, and devices of both monetary and nonmonetary property and distribute grants to libraries in the Federal Depository Library Program (FDLP).
I am the US government information librarian at Stanford University and my library’s Federal Depository Library Program coordinator. Stanford has been an FDLP member since 1895. As such, my everyday work is to build historic collections and offer research services to students, faculty, staff and the general public in Santa Clara County and increasingly across the country.
The authority of government agencies to accept gifts and distribute grants is generally restricted without specific statutory authorization. As the Government Accountability Office has noted, “without statutory authority, an individual government agency may not accept gifts of goods or services for its own use”. However, other legislative branch entities, such as the Library of Congress, and other federal entities with missions concerning access to information, like the Smithsonian Institution and the National Archives and Records Administration, possess such authority. We recommend gift authority be extended to the GPO.
Providing gift authority to the GPO would yield several significant benefits:
1. Saving Taxpayer Money: Acceptance of gifts, bequests, and devises can provide GPO with resources beyond its appropriated budget. This could allow GPO to undertake valuable projects in collaboration with FDLP libraries and other organizations, invest in modernization efforts, and enhance its services without requiring additional taxpayer funds. For example, donations could support the digitization and description of historical documents in the “National Collection,” the development of new tools for public access, and the preservation of tangible collections.
2. Economy of Services: Nonmonetary gifts, such as in-kind services, equipment, or collections of historical materials, could significantly enhance GPO’s operational capacity and resources. Accepting voluntary and uncompensated personal services, for example, could allow for the accession of digitized documents from FDLP libraries or assistance with adding metadata. Granting authority would be a virtuous loop to help to fund preservation and digitization projects in FDLP libraries which would then feed back into GPO’s systems for the betterment of all American citizens. This could speed up the process by which materials are made publicly available and decrease the cost for doing so.
3. Improving Public Access to Information: Enhanced resources through gift acceptance can directly translate to improved public access to government information. Donations and grants could fund initiatives to improve the online repository govinfo.gov, enhance cataloging and indexing services, or support Federal Depository Libraries in their mission to provide no-fee access to government information.
This is an issue that has been previously contemplated by Congress. Draft legislation released by Congress for public comment contained a provision regarding gift authority in section 563. It stated clearly:
The Public Printer may accept and use gifts and bequests of property (both real and personal) and services in support of the Superintendent’s responsibilities under this chapter.
Section 109 of that bill provided for congressional oversight of the gifts and disclosure of gifts in semi-annual reports. This seems an appropriate framework.
There are few circumstances where Congress can have its cake and eat it too. Extending to GPO the authority to receive gifts and distribute grants could provide enormous benefits to the American people in terms of access to records and do so at no cost to taxpayers. We respectfully request that you provide to GPO the same gift authority that is already available to other agencies who provide the public with access to government records. My recommendation would positively impact the work of the GPO, the 1100+ FDLP libraries and every citizen in every Congressional district.
I welcome the opportunity to discuss this with you further.
Thank you for your interest and attention.
Reference question and the saga of chasing down a Congressionally mandated report
I had a student come to me looking for a federal document called “Population representation in the military services.” She was doing research into the history of enlistment in the armed forces and was interested in finding statistics on the number of enlistments and applications to enlist per state from 1985 – 2000. The report has supposedly been published since 1970, but unfortunately was only available online from 1997 forward on the DoD site and most library catalogs only had the link.
It appeared after much digging that this report was never distributed to libraries in the Federal Depository Library Program (FDLP) even though it was a Congressionally mandated report, reports that are required by statute to be submitted by Federal agencies to the Senate, the House of Representatives, or to Congressional committees or subcommittees (check out the long saga of Congressionally mandated reports which have historically been hard to find but after many years of advocacy by government transparency groups, librarians and others are not required to be sent to GPO!).
After consultation with my many govinfo librarian colleagues on the govdoc-l Listserv — the amazing hive mind of govinfo librarians around the country! — I was able to piece together reports back to 1983 from our own collection (which were not cataloged but buried in the microfiche of the American Statistical Index (ASI) which is at least indexed in the subscription database Proquest Statistical Insight), the agency itself, a couple of editions available on the Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) database, and a solid run in paper back to 1983 at the Pentagon Library. There are still a couple of gaps in the series, but I have at least been able to piece together 1983 – present. I requested the Pentagon Library volumes (1983 – 1997) and Stanford Library’s awesome digitization services team are in the process of scanning them. After the volumes have been scanned, I’ll send the files to the Government Publishing Office (GPO) through their “unreported documents” process (the process whereby federal publications that should be but are not for some reason in the FDLP’s National Collection can be collected, cataloged, and made available to the public).
I do hope that GPO’s new Congressionally Mandated Reports collection will help to solve the issue of access to these important reports that are often lost in the ether. But it will take the dogged work of countless govinfo librarians to continue to hunt these unreported documents down for students, researchers, journalists, and the public.
Happy 16th Birthday to the LOCKSS-USDOCS network!
Wow it’s hard to believe that the LOCKSS-USDOCS network of over 30 libraries has been up and running for 16 years! We can finally get our driver’s permit 🙂 LOCKSS-USDOCS harvests all of the content currently published on the Government Publishing Office (GPO)’s GOVINFO content management system and includes the most recently created collection of Congressionally Mandated reports.
If you and your library are interested in participating in this collaborative digital preservation project of the digital FDLP(!), please contact James R. Jacobs at jrjacobs AT Stanford DOT edu.
The USDocs Private LOCKSS Network (PLN) was launched in 2008 as a digital repository for the U.S. Federal Depository Library Program (FDLP), a network of over 1,100 participating libraries across the United States. The FDLP has for over 200 years ensured the safeguarding of documents published by the U.S. Federal Government through the same “lots of copies keep stuff safe” principle that now drives LOCKSS digital preservation networks. FDLP libraries select a basic subset of federal reports and documents, with individual libraries providing a wide range of additional specialized services and collections…
…At the heart of the FDLP lies the idea that libraries across the United States are not just passive repositories but active stewards of these vital materials. They dedicate themselves to preserving content for the good of society and to safeguarding democracy. FDLP libraries are driven by a mission: to provide free public access to official information, thereby empowering citizens with knowledge and fostering transparency. As the FDLP becomes increasingly digital, the GPO will print and distribute a decreasing number of titles in hard copy to just a few libraries in each of the four National Collection Service Areas (NCSAs), and the USDocs PLN will be collecting and preserving a growing percentage of the U.S. Federal Government’s output.
John Oliver on food safety. Or: you never know where you’ll find an unreported document
I’m so glad John Oliver is back! His latest expose on food safety is as always on point – at the same time being extremely funny! He explains the system under which food in the US is regulated (or not!), including the crazy fact that both the FDA and the USDA have some regulatory responsibilities in this area. Watch on.
Oliver is also good at using government documents to make his points. And this episode had a good one. He referenced a Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Inspector General report from 2017 “The Food and Drug Administration’s Food-Recall Process Did Not Always Ensure the Safety of the Nation’s Food Supply”; so of course I had to check the Catalog of Government Publications (CGP). It’s sadly not surprising that this report was NOT in the catalog and so I had to send it in to GPO as an “unreported document.” Executive branch documents have long been problematic in being included in the Federal Depository Library Program (FDLP) — for more of this history see ““Issued for Gratuitous Distribution”: The History of Fugitive Documents and the FDLP” by yours truly. And Inspectors General offices are among the worst. GPO doesn’t even include its own IG reports in the CGP so that should tell you something.
I hope others will join me in my Quixotic effort to report executive branch reports to GPO — and especially those from agency Inspectors General! — so that these important reports can be included in the FDLP and be preserved and made available for the long term. And now back to John Oliver:-)
Public access to Congressionally mandated reports one step closer to reality!
Congress passed the Access to Congressionally Mandated Reports Act (ACMRA) as part of the 2023 defense authorization bill — and many including FGI cheered!
This week, the collection of these important reports came one step closer to reality as the White House Office of Management and Budget released detailed guidance for agencies to implement the ACMRA starting in October, 2023. The Federal News Network has more context. In a nutshell, “starting on Oct.16, anytime an agency is drafting a legally-required report to Congress, they’ll also need to prepare to send it to the Government Publishing Office to be hosted in a new publicly-accessible web portal GPO is building.” GPO has also announced its work on this important project for government transparency. This will also be a boon to the Federal Depository Library Program (FDLP) as thousands of Congressionally mandated reports make their way into depository library catalogs and collections.
My great hope is that this will be a template going forward for how executive agencies can work with GPO to bring their publications and data into the National Collection of U.S. Government Public Information where it can be collected, described, preserved and given broad public access via the internet and through the federal depository library network.
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