1. General Assumptions

The Government Printing Office (GPO) document, Digital Distribution to Depository Libraries: Exploring the Issues (9/6/2006) frames the discussion with these six basic "general assumptions":

  1. Consistent with other formats, GPO will distribute authentic digital publications in formats intended for public access.
  2. The characteristics of digital publications vary so significantly from tangible products that new, more flexible, guidelines for managing them in depository libraries will need to be developed.
  3. Preservation of the source files, called Archival Information Packages in FDsys, will be the responsibility of GPO and its preservation partners.
  4. For a majority of content, digital distribution represents another format choice that can be selected, in addition to print, microfiche, and tangible electronic products.
  5. Libraries receiving FDLP digital publications would be responsible for providing sufficient infrastructure, including bandwidth and storage, to provide timely and effective public access.
  6. Libraries would need to ensure that they are providing access to the same version(s) of a digital publication that is/are available from GPO.


We at Free Government Information feel that assumptions 1, 2, 4 and 5 are extremely reasonable assumptions and hope they will form part of the philosophical foundation for any mostly digital depository program.

We must strongly object to assumption three, that the preservation of documents will be the responsibility of GPO and unspecified preservation partners. This represents an upending of over a century of successful distributed preservation efforts and launches GPO into entirely uncharted waters. Uncharted territory for a chronicly underfunded federal agency subject to constant fiscal pressure. While depository libraries are also financially challenged, there are more libraries than there are GPOs and so we continue to believe that lots of copies keep stuff safe. We hope that FDSys and government contracted partners will be part of a preservation solution, but relying on any one entity for preservation of fragile digital objects is suicidal for information. There is no polite way to put this.

We do not feel as negative about assumption six, but feel the community requires more information before they agree to it. Certainly for the latest available publication libraries should be serving the same version as GPO. They should also be responsible for marking previous editions as superseded and pulling them off their servers if appropriate. But we feel strongly that superseded editions in the digital world deserve the same treatement as their printed counterparts. Many libraries will only keep the most current version, and others will keep older editions for their historical value unless the agency has formally withdrawn them from the Federal Depository Library Program. If a GPO of the future decides to keep "latest only" for budget reasons, depositories libraries should not be obligated to do the same. If this is made clear, than assumption six becomes reasonable as well.

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Regarding assumption 4,

Regarding assumption 4, there will be many smaller depositories, like mine, that will want to continue providing records in our online catalogs with links to digital documents, but won't necessarily want to store copies of all those documents locally. We will need the flexibility to get just the bibliographic record, or to get both the record and a copy of the digital document itself.

I'd expect "link only" option

Lori brings up an excellent point. Not all depository libraries will have the capability to build local digital collections through digital distribution. For these libraries that otherwise participate in the depository program by selecting tangible materials, having an option to link to documents on federal or other depository servers should remain an option. And since they're part of the FDLP selecting other materials, they should be able to get bibliographic records from GPO.

What neither I nor anyone else here at FGI wants to see is a sitution where a depository selects ZERO tangible content and ZERO digitally distributed/deposited documents but wishes to be "a depository" solely through linking to outside servers. Such a library should not be part of a depository system. It could be given some consideration as a "government information service center" if Congress amended Title 44 to permit such a classification.

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"And besides all that, what we need is a decentralized, distributed system of depositing electronic files to local libraries willing to host them." -- Daniel Cornwall, tipping his hat to Cato the Elder for the original quote.

I'm guessing that if

I'm guessing that if depositories can obtain the training, equipment, and software necessary to do it, most will want to store local copies of at least some digital documents. What I'm hoping for is the flexibility to be very, very selective about what digital documents we would choose to store. For instance, the House documents are currently distributed under one item number. If there was a "digital" option for that item number, I wouldn't want to be forced to store local copies of all the things we currently get under that item. I'll only want to store copies of documents related to Hurricane Katrina, or other topics of local interest. If GPO continues to move toward providing us less flexibility in selecting online titles, I would much prefer that depositories be given the option to select and download digital documents individually rather than having any "pushed" to us automatically. I don't want my digital "shelves" to get crowded with junk like the shelves in my stacks have always been.

I agree though that if all a library is doing is adding records with hot links to their OPAC, they're not really a "depository."

Questions on Assumptions 5 & 6

5. What kind of a commitment would we be making in terms of software? How much control would GPO exercise over the software needed to access the files? And what would we need to do about older files no longer accessible due to software upgrades?

6. Does this imply that we would, in some cases, need to make modifications/corrections to the files? Or does it just mean that we need to make sure that the publications we receive aren’t altered?

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